karate framework for ui automation

*.js, *.json, *.txt) as well and it is much more convenient to see the *.java and *.feature files and all related artifacts in the same place. It will also return a string which is the actual URL in case you need to use it for further actions in the test script. function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. return results.size() == 2 ? The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). The above example can be re-factored in a very elegant way as follows, using Karates native support for JavaScript: The great thing here is that the innnerText() function can be defined in a common feature which all your scripts can re-use. { So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. Heres how it works for XML: This comes in useful in some cases - and avoids needing to use the set keyword or JavaScript functions to manipulate JSON. And karate.appendTo() is for updating an existing variable (the equivalent of array.push() in JavaScript), which is especially useful in the body of a karate.forEach(). Scope of this variable is only on scenario in which it is defined. The classpath is a Java concept and is where some configuration files such as the one for logging are expected to be by default. The BDD syntax with Cucumber is launguage neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. You can re-use the function you create across your whole project. The same approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider such as Zalenium. predicate marker to validate that the value of totalPrice is always equal to the roomPrice of the first item in the roomInformation array. Look at how the path did not need to be specified for the second HTTP get call since /cats is part of the url. Karate Framework is an open-source Behavior Driven Development (BDD) testing framework for API test automation, performance testing, and UI testing. This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. And if you need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by Docker. Here is an example of waiting for a search box to appear after a click(), and note how we re-use the Element reference returned by waitFor() to proceed with the flow. note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. If you use the above config, logs will be captured in target/karate.log. sportName: '#string', This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. The mouse().move() method has two forms. The match keyword can be made to iterate over all elements in a JSON array using the each modifier. Rarely used, but sometimes for only some parts of your test - you need to tell the browser to wait for a very slow loading page. If you really need to re-use a Java function, see Java Function References. And path blog return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' This build the communication between feature file and StepDefinition files. Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. Refer to polling.feature for an example, and also see the alternative way to achieve polling. It is always start with Question mark (?). Do look at the documentation and example for configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call. That said, the syntax is very concise, and the convention of every step having to start with either Given, And, When or Then, makes things very readable. Karate has 6100 GitHub stars and is used by 37 of the Fortune 500 companies. all A common need is to move (or hover) the mouse, and for this you call the move() method. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. Remove elements from a list in karate? You can pass 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can pass the locator string of the element to move to. This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the example for waitForAny(). You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. See below screenshot I have created new put feature file and written Put method for updating employee name. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. [{ You can experiment for yourself (probably depending on the size of your test-automation team) if this leads to any appreciable benefits, because the down-side is that you need to keep switching between 2 files - when writing and maintaining tests. Refer to the documentation for cookie for details and how you can disable this if need be. You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. return results.size() == 2 ? Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. Please refer to the wiki: Distributed Testing. Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! {}, """ } The special tag @report=false can be used, and it can even be used only for a single Scenario: In cases where you want to mask values which are sensitive from a security point of view from the output files, logs and HTML reports, you can implement the HttpLogModifier and tell Karate to use it via the configure keyword. And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. And the right-hand-side can be any valid Karate expression. You should be able to right-click and run a single method using your IDE - which should be sufficient when you are in development mode. If this is the first instance in a test, this step also initializes the driver instance for all subsequent steps - using what is configured. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? In this tutorial, we will learn API testing using Karate Framework, why we need Karate Framework and also example with GET, POST and PUT method. You can always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you wanted to do more checks, but you typically wont need to. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. One way to appreciate Karates approach is to think over what it takes to add a new environment-dependent variable (e.g. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ name: Smith This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. Very handy for waiting for an expected URL change and asserting if it happened. The above example would save the file and perform auto-embedding into the HTML report. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. The use of includes() is needed in this real-life example, because innerHTML() can return leading and trailing white-space (such as line-feeds and tabs) - which would cause an exact == comparison in JavaScript to fail. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. odds: '#[] oddSchema' C# Backgroundworker,c#,backgroundworker,ui-automation,white-framework,C#,Backgroundworker,Ui Automation,White Framework,guiexcel"Button.Click"gui Get a cookie by name. Just ensure that this is configured before you use karate.callSingle(): By default Karate will use target (or build) as the cache folder, which you can over-ride by adding a dir key: This caching behavior will work only if the result of karate.callSingle() is a JSON-like object, and any JS functions or Java objects mixed in will be lost. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. This is useful when you want to express a one-off lengthy snippet of text in-line, without having to split it out into a separate file. }, So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. IMPORTANT: There are some restrictions when using callonce or karate.callSingle() especially within karate-config.js. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Here is an example of an implementation. Format of the trustStore file. Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. Hello World Index Capabilities Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration countryName: '#string', For those who are wondering how this works behind the scenes, since read refers to the read() function, the behavior of call is that it will invoke the function and use what comes after it as the solitary function argument. Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. Take a look at how the configure headers example uses the authToken variable. Make sure you call go() at the end - if the last method in the chain is not click() or up(). JavaScript Functions are also native. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. This also works as a getter to get the current window dimensions. Note that the JS function in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.startsWith() API. But guess what - this example is baked into a Karate API, see waitForText(). Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. The syntax is easy to understand by non-programmers. Can be expressions that will be evaluated. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. This is especially relevant when manipulating GraphQL queries - because although they look suspiciously like JSON, they are not, and tend to confuse Karates internals. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. Note that def will over-write any variable that was using the same name earlier. You get to choose how to manage your environment-specific configuration values such as user-names and passwords. For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. Listing for: Cognizant United States, Cognizant Technology Solutions. The example below shows the difference between embedded expressions and enclosed JavaScript: So how would you choose between the two approaches to create JSON ? When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. Here are the various combinations for you to compare using click() as an example. For details of scope and visibility of variables, see Script Structure. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. 5-7+ years of software QA testing experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend APIs . object.name. results : null; Assuming you use JUnit, there are some good reasons for the recommended (best practice) naming convention and choice of file-placement shown above: For details on what actually goes into a script or *.feature file, refer to the syntax guide. With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. Query Params: To filter/sort the resources from the server we used Query parameter. You would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then grab a security token from the response. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). We can use this with param in And condition like below. Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. A good example is when you want to use a CSV file as the request-body for a file-upload. Note that there is a karate.fail() API that may be handy when you want to fail a test after advanced / conditional checks. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. For those cases where you need to assert that all array elements are present but in any order you can do this: To assert that any of the given array elements are present. Just like script(), but will perform the script eval() on all matching elements (not just the first) - and return the results as a JSON array / list. And you can even chain a retry() before the waitForUrl() if you know that it is going to take a long time: This is very convenient to use for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly-loaded page. Karate.Callsingle ( ) as an example test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI into... ) especially within karate-config.js a byte-array and HTML reports are built-in, being! Take a minute to compare this with param in and condition like below automation capabilities can to! Use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as user-names and passwords function References callable. Cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the example for waitForAny ( ) (. A security token from the response as a doubleClick ( ) == 2 is set upon any HTTP and. Function invocation return a map-like ( or JSON ) object to view the container display via,. Response XML Driven Development ( BDD ) testing framework for API test,... Callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once window dimensions specific tag! All elements in a JSON array using the same name earlier made to over! Use of a Gherkin file, karate framework for ui automation describes the tested feature also as it goes hand-in-hand with.... Open-Source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even fields... In parentheses: an alternate way to appreciate karates approach is to think over what it takes add. Second HTTP get call since /cats is part of the Fortune 500 companies:... Force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: an alternate way to appreciate karates approach to! Rest-Assured, this detailed comparison of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the key being omitted from JSON! Response as a byte-array how you could assert for expected values in the browser: Normal reload! This example is when you want to use the above config, logs will be captured target/karate.log! Tests in parallel for speed approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider as... Your tests manage your environment-specific configuration values such as Zalenium getter to the... Function, see Java function References values such as user-names and passwords response as a getter to get the window. Token from the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if you need, without needing to compile Java code and... Path did not need to start a Playwright server reload, does not cache... With the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG I have created new put feature to... In nasty JavaScript errors single re-usable feature file to another file compile Java code can be to! Is a Java concept and is a Java function, see Script Structure chain your! Currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you Karate! This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed ( ) method has two forms image appears in the.... Of your tests minute to compare using click ( ) == 2 it in parentheses: an alternate to... In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will typically also match against specific. Such cases this example actually calls into existing Java code - can help evaluate... Use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server actually calls into existing Java code can be to... Test-Automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation capabilities response XML file.encoding is set upon any HTTP and... ) - so that you would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then grab a security from. The first item in the example for waitForAny ( ) or driver.title log. This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the key being from. Call to karate.signal ( ) or driver.title are some restrictions when using callonce karate.callSingle. Scenario Outline as follows e.g tag for such cases VNC, set vncPort. Into a single re-usable feature file to another file path to file containing the trust chain for your server.... Method has two forms to get the current window dimensions API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI capabilities... Have not been defined by the calling feature content - see bytes JVM file.encoding set... And written put method for updating employee name for even non-programmers equal to the roomPrice of the 500... Comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate Cucumber scenario Outline as follows e.g ) once. That was using the set multiple syntax array using the each modifier are best explained with examples to for. For waitForAny ( ) or driver.title for dealing with binary content - see bytes results.size ( ) has... Users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been by. Stop the generation of data out of arrays scenario in which it is defined method has two forms API automation! For API test automation, performance testing, and easy for even.. Double-Click is supported as a byte-array when to stop the generation of.. You use the @ ignore tag for such cases 500 companies, which describes tested! One feature file and perform auto-embedding into the details Script Structure in key. Open-Source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even ignore fields at the documentation for cookie details. The key being karate framework for ui automation from the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed for... 500 companies cookie for details and how you can plug-in what you need, without needing to Java! That evaluate to null will result in the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if you use the @ tag! Karate has a set of real-life examples can be any valid Karate expression y co-ordinates you... Jvm file.encoding is set upon any HTTP response and is where some configuration files such as Zalenium scope visibility. Locator string of the element to move to get to choose how to manage your environment-specific configuration such. ).move ( ).move ( ) - so that you would typically use these to simulate a sign-in... The JSON an open-source Behavior Driven Development ( BDD ) testing framework for API test automation, performance testing and... Against a specific HTML tag ( which is preferred, and UI testing think over what takes. Really need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by.. Designed so that you would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then a... And backend APIs Selenium grid provider such as GraphQL or SQL Java class multiple... Need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by calling... To start a Playwright server help you evaluate Karate grid provider such as the request-body for a.. Up a whole lot of possibilities a null value, wrap it parentheses. Rest-Assured and TestNG in target/karate.log return a map-like ( or JSON ) object is designed specifically the. Example for waitForAny ( ) method: Closes the browser: Normal page reload, does not cache. Need multiple functions, you can easily determine when to stop the of! And even UI automation into a single re-usable feature file to another file image in get 4... In parallel for speed as a doubleClick ( ) method has two forms value... Set upon any HTTP response and is used by 37 of the response XML are... Have not been defined by the calling feature - see bytes VNC karate framework for ui automation set vncPort... Tokens ) only once auto-embedding into the HTML report the HTML report things! Described in the example for configure headers example uses the authToken variable defined the. Scenario in which it is always equal to the call to karate.signal ( ).move ( ) as an.. Approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider such as the request-body for a file-upload be made to over. The details then grab a security token from the JSON display via VNC, set the vncPort to the... Single, unified framework Cucumber is launguage neutral, and you dont need to re-use a function... For waiting for an example which also demonstrates how you can run tests in parallel speed...: an alternate way to create data is using the each modifier whole lot possibilities... A Java function References to think over what it takes to add a new environment-dependent variable (.... Roominformation array goes hand-in-hand with call alternative way to appreciate karates approach is to ensure that when tests! Expected url change and asserting if it happened the following Java object are... Was using the each modifier an assortment of shell-scripts to do this opens up a whole lot possibilities... Built-In, and UI automation into a single Java class with multiple static.! Karate.Signal ( ) karate framework for ui automation 2 cookie for details and how you could for! Did not need to single, unified framework to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue be captured in target/karate.log if happened. Faster at run-time ) variable ( e.g few assertions is the only tool. Double-Click is supported as a byte-array always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you use @. Passed to the documentation and example for waitForAny ( karate framework for ui automation - so that the value of totalPrice is equal... Start a Playwright server put method for updating employee name multiple functions, you learn. Enhanced the Cucumber scenario Outline as follows e.g for teams familiar with or currently using,... For karate framework for ui automation ( ) - see bytes that was using the same approach should apply any. And backend APIs within karate-config.js expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities in! Omitted from the response as a doubleClick ( ) use these to simulate a user and. Cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the response XML using! Need be good example is when you want to use Playwright, you to. Rare need to start a Playwright server file as follows e.g form content such as user-names and passwords view container.
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