Governments, donors, and civil society organizations faced practical and ethical dilemmas reconciling pandemic mitigation strategies with the implementation of anti-trafficking activities. Cabo Verde The international community has taken tough action to promote accountability for the PRCs actions and strengthen market defenses against the import of these goods. A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. In Xinjiang, the government is the trafficker. While the racial dimensions of human trafficking manifest in different ways in each country, human trafficking still mirrorsand thrives because ofwidespread inequities between racial groups. Under Sagbo Sasses courageous leadership and vision, SIFOS offers critical education to children who have experienced human trafficking, homelessness, or residential institutionalization. Doing so requires us to mitigate harmful practices and policies that cause socioeconomic or political vulnerabilities that traffickers often prey on. Whether the government of the country monitors immigration and emigration patterns for evidence of severe forms of trafficking in persons and whether law enforcement agencies of the country respond to any such evidence in a manner that is consistent with the vigorous investigation and prosecution of acts of such trafficking, as well as with the protection of human rights of victims and the internationally recognized human right to leave any country, including ones own, and to return to ones own country. These include the creation of Labor Dispute Resolution Committees, the opening of the first and only shelter in the country for human trafficking victims, the removal of exit permit requirements for migrant workers, implementation of the minimum wage, and abolishment of the No Objection Certificate (migrant workers were previously required to obtain these certificates from their employer to transfer to another employer). The Department places each country in this Report onto one of four tiers, as mandated by the TVPA. The FGS agreed on an action plan with the United Nations in 2012 to end the recruitment and use of children by the Somali National Army (SNA). The UAE has played a role in a major Interpol operation to tackle human trafficking around the world, leading to hundreds of arrests. The above statistics are estimates derived from data provided by foreign governments and other sources and reviewed by the Department of State. Accordingly, it is in the United States national interest to continue to pursue these lines of effort. Congo, Republic of the The CSPA also prohibits the issuance of licenses for direct commercial sales of military equipment to such governments. Syria Sister Imelda Pooles leadership in the fight against human trafficking extends far beyond her own work to inspire others. Namibia In 2020, the Government of Canada launched Project PROTECT to increase awareness of sex trafficking, as well as the quantity and quality of suspicious transaction reporting. Most victims are not kidnapped by strangers or secretive syndicates. Page 41: Getty/Munir Uz Zaman With limited access to wraparound services that, in many cases, are integral to survivors independence and well-being, trafficking survivors are at an increased risk of re-victimization. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. During the pandemic, APRAMP also created intervention guides that set the standard for recent government guidelines for serving victims of trafficking. Liam and Jakob were experiencing homelessness in northern Europe when a person they thought was a prospective employer offered them a job in construction, along with room and board, in a neighboring country. In that project, the embassy partners with the Office of the Prime Minister Gender and Child Affairs Ministry, and the Ministry of Social Development and Family Services with the objective of strengthening and expanding support services to victims of trafficking. Both male and female children are often sexually abused or exploited by members of armed groups and suffer the same types of devastating physical and psychological consequences associated with sex trafficking. Greece The Chinese government had a government policy or pattern of widespread forced labor, including through the continued mass arbitrary detention of more than one million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and other Muslims in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). The anti-trafficking community pivoted to address new circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrated resilience, and produced advanced solutions that could be beneficial even after the pandemic, but many challenges still exist and continue to emerge. One of the most effective ways to identify broader criminal networks and take the profit out of this crime is to follow the financial trail human traffickers leave behind. Pursuant to section 404 of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (CSPA) (22 U.S.C. They have set up 16 economic empowerment businesses throughout Albania, which aim to decrease womens risk of exploitation by providing opportunities to participate in entrepreneurial projects in tourism, design, and education, among others. For instance, advocates, survivors, and other experts have found that ingrained racial biases and stereotypes, which were created as a way to dehumanize certain racial communities to justify their exploitation and exclusion, hinder progress in anti-trafficking efforts because they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is a trafficker and who should have access to victim protection and services. Human trafficking is a heinous crime that exploits the most vulnerable in society. Page 2: Katie Orlinsyky As of April 5, no PKO funds have been obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $154,921 Of further concern, experts have identified the strategic production and dissemination of false narratives about sex trafficking by white supremacists and other extremists, including violent extremists, in the United States as a means of recruiting new members. Although the pandemic resulted in the reduction or suspension of many support networks for victims, service providers shifted to online and virtual platforms to continue supporting victims as much as possible. Governments, investors, researchers, and civil-society actors should explore how microfinance and other forms of social finance can support survivors. With so many disappeared into and abused within this system, entire communities in Xinjiangcommunities with rich histories and immeasurable cultural significancehave become ghost towns. United States of America, Albania Section 333 is used to support the Air-to-Ground Integration (AGI) program, which integrates intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), precision strike, and military intelligence to increase the effectiveness of the Nigerian Air Force while reducing the potential for civilian harm through human rights and IHL training in support of the nationally-funded FMS Super Tucano A-29 lines of effort. Civil society organizations collaborated to promote information sharing and the availability of COVID-related service provision and anti-trafficking guidance remotely. Czech Republic FINTRAC disclosed this information to law enforcement to help expand or refine the scope of their cases, uncover new targets, obtain search warrants, and identify assets for seizure or forfeiture. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to DRC to allow for the provision of IMET and PKO assistance and has certified that the Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. The organization also donated proceeds from the production of artisan goods, including the masks, towards medical care and social services for survivors. Many organizations consolidated lists of resources and online guidance on promising practices to provide support services to victims and survivors during the pandemic. Traffickers can commit this crime in any sector or setting, whether legal or illicit, including but not limited to agricultural fields, factories, restaurants, hotels, massage parlors, retail stores, fishing vessels, mines, private homes, or drug trafficking operations. UNODCs partner NGOs that work on human trafficking reported that pandemic-related measures led their beneficiaries to lose income and access to food. The purpose element focuses on the perpetrators goal to secure labor or services. In addition, the GOI has made progress centralizing payment systems, including for the PMF, which helps to prevent government salaries from being paid to children. When the school closed the educational visa program after complaints were filed, it encouraged students to self-deport. Page 18-19: Mushfiqual Alam Allow me to repeat myself: we were SOLD. A Growing Number of People Experiencing Economic and Social Vulnerabilities. I had grown up in the United States during the AIDS pandemic, hearing the only good [expletive] is a dead one, or it is their punishment for being how they are, they deserve it. My family openly praised my uncles contraction of HIV and waited for his death. Former national security minister Gary Griffith has defended the efforts of the former People's Partnership administration to address human trafficking when he was a member of the cabinet, accusing the Prime Minister of a "blame game" over a 2022 US report that alleged that senior government officials are involved in human trafficking. The kafala system is a sponsorship-based visa category that gives employers full control over the migrant workers residency permits, movements in and out of the country, and ability to change employers. Those who have managed to avoid detention are still at risk of state-sponsored forced labor and other abuses. Libya They are recognized for their tireless efforts despite some working in challenging environments where human trafficking concerns remain pervasive and facing resistance, opposition, or threats to their lives to protect victims, punish offenders, and mitigate the underlying factors that cause vulnerabilities traffickers often target. When the tables turned onto me, I already knew their opinions. Innovative AML compliance solutions that use big data, advanced analytics, network analysis, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence to monitor transactions and identify and report suspicious transactions can assist governments and the private sector in identifying and combating human trafficking networks. Jamaica At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Ibusuki has gone further by advocating for the government to prohibit employers from retaining foreign workers passports and for Japan to impose tighter control on exploitation and human rights violations by labor brokers and intermediaries in sending countries. Over three years, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is building capacity to improve victim identification and national referral mechanisms, sharing information with judicial authorities about criminal networks and individuals associated with human trafficking, and strengthening international co-ordination and co-operation by promoting new investigations and prosecutions through establishing liaisons between national co-ordination mechanisms and judicial authorities focused on human trafficking, the spokesman said. Ecuador A full waiver the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Nigeria allows the U.S. government to continue to provide security assistance in delivery of the above lines of efforts. Similarly, the Australian Border Force issued an information sheet on modern slavery and COVID-19 that provided guidance on how to reduce the risk of workers becoming more vulnerable to human traffickers as a result of the pandemic. Some governments expanded protective services, such as admitting live teleconference testimony in court or providing victims the option to testify remotely to avoid interacting with their traffickers. While the Russian government reported the number of North Korean workers in Russia declined in 2020, the government issued almost 3,000 new tourist and student visas to North Koreans in 2020 in an apparent attempt to circumvent the UNSCRs. Sexual slavery, as referred to here, occurs when armed groups force or coerce children to marry or be raped by commanders or combatants. The Government of South Sudan has engaged with the UN on creating an action plan to address six grave violations against children, including unlawful recruitment and use. Having a family member as the main perpetrator and trafficker may also result in many victims feeling unable to speak about the experiences they endured due to the shame it may bring upon their families, communities, and themselves. The GNA has also committed to providing unhindered access to an international fact-finding mission created under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council in June 2020 to document human rights abuses in Libya. Page 61: Picture Alliance Instead, Katherins boss forced her to stay in his home. Burkina Faso Some employees of NGOs that help identify and provide services to survivors of human trafficking have even faced threats of violence by followers of these theories. Zambia One of the three projects, the USAID Heal-Empower-Rise Counter Trafficking in Person Project, cost US$950,000. Jane Nady Sigmon The traumatic impacts are severe because children have little psychological recourse for protecting themselves from the trafficker, who may also wield significant power by nature of the familial relationship alone. Prevention efforts decreased as some governments suspended awareness campaigns, which often focused on areas less frequented during the pandemic, including airports, border crossings, bus and train stations, schools, and venues for large gatherings. Others leveraged technology to drive innovative solutions. Madagascar Internally, the Office of the Special Representative and Co-Ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) helped develop and adopt contract and tender provisions for OSCE procurement; conducted a pilot assessment of TIP risk in procurement of the OSCE field operation in Serbia, results from which were published in an analysis report; developed guidance for OSCE procurement to prevent TIP, and developed training for OSCE procurement and program staff and launched implementation. Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates, prosecutes, convicts, and sentences public officials, including diplomats and soldiers, who participate in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons, including nationals of the country who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission who engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and takes all appropriate measures against officials who condone or enable such trafficking. Comments "Celian Group to host Gospel Festival" . It is easy to understand why individuals would see something online about human trafficking, especially when it involves children, and feel the need to share or act on the information. Uganda A comforting environment and informal play can assist survivors in expressing their feelings of fear and distress while also supporting their resiliency. International Military Education and Training $205,775 Congo, Democratic Republic of the In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a government policy or pattern of human trafficking, human trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers. They told her she could not go see her father, and that she must participate in 15 days of education because she was Muslim and an ethnic Kazakh. Khassanova also works closely with local police to assist victims of trafficking who choose to participate in criminal proceedings. The kafala systems rules and limitations enable abusive employers to use unscrupulous employment practices that can constitute forced labor; including excessive work hours; retention of passports and travel documents by the employer; non-payment of wages; and physical, psychological, and sexual abuse or threats of abuse. I left the escort service at that point. Significant additional work remains to eradicate this practice across Yemen. Croatia This truncated narrative gives a few examples. Consistent with the TVPA, the President may also determine to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank and the International Monetary Fund to vote against and use their best efforts to deny any loans or other uses of the institutions funds to a designated Tier 3 country for most purposes (except for humanitarian, trade-related, and certain development-related assistance). Page 50: Ernst Coppejans The second project USAID CariSECURE 2.0 costs US$13 million, of which US$1.2 million will be spent on trafficking in people for TT, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda and St Lucia. These harmful practices include redlining, lending discrimination, unequal distribution of government subsidies and services, restricted entry into white collar or higher paying jobs, and intentional exclusions of certain professions from worker protections. When their employer abruptly left, the men were able to seek assistance at their national embassy. 10 U.S.C. If a separate room is not available, a child-friendly corner of a larger interview room can also serve as a designated section that is welcoming to children. The government was actively complicit in the forced labor of North Korean workers. Belgium States can take additional measures to address the vulnerabilities to human trafficking created by the kafala system, such as those described below. The Secretary of State identified the following countries as having governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces or government-supported armed groups that recruited or used child soldiers within the meaning of section 404(a) of the CSPA during the reporting period of April 1, 2019 March 31, 2020: Afghanistan, Burma, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Iran, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. Labor-Sending Countries and Pre-departure Measures: The Department of State received the following letter in response to its annual Federal Register notice requesting information relevant to countries progress in addressing human trafficking. While the government disbanded the committee in 2019 due to a lack of funding, Sagbo Sasse continued to give her time to be a key advisor to government officials, closely coordinating with relevant ministries on victim identification and referral efforts. . Mongolia Sunny Massa Multiple NGO reports indicate the continued unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers by governmental armed forces and that the collection and verification of information pertaining to child soldier recruitment and use was often hindered by access constraints. Burma Traffickers often seek out individuals with weaker community or family connections, knowing they have fewer safeguards. It also organized a workshop on managing and mitigating TIP risks in procurement for ODIHR. Seychelles J. Brett Hernandez The following recommendations may be applicable for organizations at multiple stages of integration. President Felix Tshisekedi has demonstrated that he is a willing partner committed to addressing instability and conflict in DRC, but needs U.S. security assistance to succeed in defeating armed groups threatening local populations, including the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). Peacekeeping Operations $12,692,025 I have said before, building a more perfect union is both an acknowledgement of our imperfection and a commitment to continue striving toward progress in a transparent way. Despite the attention towards and growth in understanding of a survivor-informed approach, gaps arose in how different agencies and organizations in various settings applied it. Saudi Arabia Netherlands Applying an equity-based lens involves evaluating and understanding how individual organizations perpetuate the marginalization of vulnerable populations, including persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ persons, indigenous peoples, and members of racial, ethnic, and religious minority groups. Perpetua Anaele Sex trafficking encompasses the range of activities involved when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in a commercial sex act or causes a child to engage in a commercial sex act. In March 2013, Cabrera accepted the position of specialized prosecutor for human trafficking at the State of Mexico Attorney Generals Office. The information provided below only includes assistance obligated as of April 5, 2021. Iran We must break this inhumane cycle of discrimination and injustices if we hope to one day eliminate human trafficking. It wasnt until my adult years that I was able to process how closely this aligned with racial oppression. They may also be used to support the Community of SantEgidios facilitation of South Sudan peace talks. L. No. The limited U.S. military assistance to Cameroon plays a role in its ability to support regional stability and security, including in the strategically important Gulf of Guinea, and to address the threat in the Lake Chad region from Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa. A of Pub. By signing the R-ARCSS it has affirmed its intent to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Lastly, section 333 is used to support counter-improvised explosive devices (C-IED) or route clearance programming which enables the Nigerian military to escort humanitarian assistance convoys in the volatile Northeast where the violence wrought by ISIS-West Africa and Boko Haram has displaced 1.8 million civilians and rendered 9.8 million in the Lake Chad region in need of humanitarian assistance. In this committee, she played a major role in promoting victim identification and protections for child trafficking victims. Palau Observers noted the judiciarys broad discretion and inconsistency in granting bail, as well as reports of fraud and corruption within the bail process, engendered concomitant recidivism (repeat offences), victim re-traumatisation and a perception of impunity.. Sierra Leone The TVPA also provides that any country that has been ranked Tier 2 Watch List for two consecutive years and that would otherwise be ranked Tier 2 Watch List for the next year will instead be ranked Tier 3 in that third year. The project retrofits select state-run or state-supported residential homes that provide housing to victims of trafficking by installing infrastructural upgrades, equipment and resources to create spaces for medical services, counselling and academic and vocational training for trafficking victims. Page 57: Getty/Tuul & Bruno Morandi UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children (2006), ASEAN Declaration Against Trafficking in Persons, Particularly Women and Children (2004), ASEAN Senior Officials Meeting on Transnational Crime. 3. She launched one of the countrys preeminent NGOs dedicated to combating child trafficking, Service International de la Formation des Enfants de la Rue (SIFOS), in 2000 and has led the organization since its founding. Additionally, COVID-19 mitigation efforts, such as stay-at-home orders and travel limitations, increased rates of gender-based violence and substance abuse, both of which put individuals at a higher risk of human traffickers exploiting them. The Department of Defense intends to use its authority under 10 U.S.C. While it met the United States' minimum standards to curb human trafficking for the sixth straight year, the Philippine government has failed to convict officials complicit to the crimes, the US . By publishing it, with the authors consent, the Department seeks to shine a light on a population particularly vulnerable to human trafficking that is often misunderstood and overlooked. This reporting and information sharing can be highly useful in tracking and tracing proceeds related to human trafficking. The United States provides targeted assistance to strengthen key Libyan institutions and build security capacity, promote political reconciliation, and increase Libyas capacity to stand on its own through more effective governance. Governments should hold all entities, including businesses, accountable for human trafficking. It has exacerbated our isolation, increased our stress, and undermined our efforts to recover from trauma. Survivors also supported broader community responses to COVID-19. While the help of the public is a crucial part of anti-trafficking efforts, the public can inadvertently interfere when its actions are based on false information or on tips from individuals with no direct knowledge of human trafficking situations. That was the year Matthew Shepard was beaten and left for dead hanging on a fence. The college program promised free tuition for a two-year degree program in Culinary Arts, free room and board, and an internship. While the TVPA already directs the Secretary to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking. After reasonable requests from the Department of State for data regarding investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences, a government which does not provide such data, consistent with a demonstrably increasing capacity of such government to obtain such data, shall be presumed not to have vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted or sentenced such acts. Embassy: Million$ spent to combat human trafficking in region in 2022. Successful counter-measures often require anti-trafficking actors to build upon existing crisis frameworks and promising practices to include anti-trafficking responses that are trauma-informed and victim-centered. Iran The rebels kidnapped and took Salih and his peers to the Houthi home base. Belize Oropouche West MP Dr Roodal Moonilal said he is not aware of any investigation into government officials being involved in human trafficking while the UNC was in power between 2010 and 2015, contrary to statements made by former UNC minister Devant Maharaj. This assistance enables the U.S. government to continue to fulfill its goal of assisting the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) to build effective and rights-respecting security forces, which are indispensable to achieving greater military effectiveness. 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