engineering controls and containment devices quizlet

The various environmental controls include: A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. The only difference in the provisions applying to the three categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required. Mini-enclosures have advantages over larger conventional enclosures because the same size fan and dust collector can achieve much higher velocities past the helmets of the workers. Lead dust on overhead ledges, equipment, floors, and other surfaces must be removed to prevent traffic, vibration, or random air currents from re-entraining the lead-laden dust and making it airborne again. /Count 2 Identify and use engineering controls. Prohibit burning to remove lead-based paint. One of the most common flexible isolation systems is glovebox containment, which can be used as an enclosure around small-scale powder processes, such as mixing and drying. Exhaust ventilation must be equipped with an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system. d. DNA and phospholipids, Calculate the mass, in grams, in 0.150mol0.150 \mathrm{~mol}0.150mol of each of the following: Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. 0000005815 00000 n Finally, because only the paint is removed, the surface may need to be "brush-off" blasted with an abrasive to produce a rough surface to facilitate adhesion of the new coating. Another good opportunity to use elimination and substitution is when selecting new equipment or procedures. We take your privacy seriously. A competent person is defined by the standard as one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable lead hazards and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Soldering and brazing are techniques that are used to join metal pieces or parts. If this must be diluted, then sterile water is to be used. Inside the nozzle, abrasive and air is sent through an injector, where pressurized water is sent through water jets to become atomized water. 0000006651 00000 n In addition, the abrasive classifier must be extremely efficient in removing lead dust, to prevent it from being reintroduced into the containment and combining with the paint to increase worker exposures. This system uses compressed air to propel the abrasive medium to the surface being cleaned; however, water (which reduces dusting) is injected into the abrasive stream either before or after the abrasive exits the nozzle (Figure V:3-1). ; Substitution: replace the hazard (e.g., hazardous products, machines, etc.) The hierarchy of controls has five levels of actions to reduce or remove hazards. Which structure, the original enzyme or the denatured enzyme, is more ordered? Recommended/feasible engineering controls (e.g., isolation, substitution, change of process, wet methods, local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation) are then discussed for each task or operation, along with work practice controls that are unique to these activities. It is the preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur. Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. After relocating the containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin. 0000016525 00000 n When the sponge is dampened, it can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface. The dust-laden air must be filtered prior to its release into the atmosphere. when airflow is on one side of the object, Six inches from the outer edge of LAFW Dynamic Conditions relating to clean area classification under conditions of normal production. 0000003721 00000 n 0000025004 00000 n All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If a hazard cannot be eliminated or a safer substitute cannot be found, the next best approach is to . Examples of work practice controls Developing administrative controls and safe work practices to reduce exposures to safe levels. Workers perform this work in relatively confined areas (such as an attic) or in an open bay structure. Liquid CO2 storage connects to a nuggetizer hopper, which works in conjunction with an air compressor to blast a surface by using dry-ice pellets. Vacuum Blasting of an Elevated Water Storage Tank. Ensure that workers avoid the smoke plume by standing to the side or upwind of the cutting torch whenever the configuration of the job permits. Smith, Michael Abbott. They typically do not interfere with worker productivity or personal comfort and make the work easier to perform rather than more difficult. << S. Use of Lead-Containing Mortar in Chemical (Acid) Storage and Process Tanks, T. Handling Lead Shot, Bricks, or Sheets, and Lead-Foil Panels, U. Reinsulation Over Existing Mineral Wool, V. Removal and Repair of Stained-Glass Windows. nonhazardous pharmaceutical preparations by Large air-moving devices may be connected to the enclosed containment structure to exhaust dust-laden air and create a negative pressure with respect to the ambient atmosphere. Engineering controls function with minimum user input and do not rely on the skill or vigilance of individuals. Additional exposures to lead can occur when lead sheets and bricks are fused with a welding torch or cut with a power saw when they are made into shielding containers. Until the employer performs an employee exposure assessment and determines actual employee exposure, the employer must assume that employees performing one of these tasks are exposed to the levels of lead indicated for that task in this Appendix. 0000023219 00000 n This includes: Administrative controls and PPE require significant and ongoing effort by workers and their supervisors. Wetting of surfaces with water mist prior to sanding, scraping, or sawing, and wetting lead-containing building components prior to removal will minimize airborne dust generation during these activities. For work operations where the sources of lead dust generation are numerous and widely distributed (e.g., open abrasive blasting conducted in containment structures), dilution ventilation may be the best control. Containment or enclosure structures can be broadly classified as either partial or full. Legionnaire's Disease, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Page for updated information. A variety of materials such as slags and steel grit are available as alternative blasting media. Because many corrosion inhibitors (e.g., nitrates, nitrites, and amines) raise industrial hygiene concerns, their use must be considered carefully. In this activity, the worker uses a heat gun, a tool similar in design to a hand-held hair dryer. Good supervision is another important work practice. /ExtGState << This may include: PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards. An intentional or unintentional release of a gas. Designs for the containment structure and ventilation systems should be specific to each task, because conditions can vary substantially from one worksite to another. c. Na2O\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{O}Na2O Non-ventilation engineering controls can also include devices developed for the pharmaceutical industry, including isolation containment systems. This can be accomplished by employing either a downdraft or crossdraft ventilation system that is properly balanced by a make-up air supply. The abrasive medium, generally steel shot/grit, sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by compressed air. Lead caulking is used in commercial construction building applications, most commonly in the joining or sealing of cast iron soil pipes. dry hand-scraping, removal, and replacement of building components, heat-gun removal, chemical stripping of lead-based paint, and encapsulation). Sides Projects such as the abrasive blasting of bridges, elevated highways, water towers, and storage tanks are likely to involve some type of containment structure. Using engineering controls as the next best line of defense. If surfaces are peeling or deteriorating and scraping is necessary prior to encapsulation, this method will produce lead dust and paint chips. stream /Resources << You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. No lead-contaminated items are permitted to enter the clean change area. The primary risks that determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the work conducted. The preferred order of action based on general effectiveness is: Using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures and reduce risk of illness or injury. OSHA's lead standard for construction applies to any construction activity that potentially exposes workers to airborne concentrations of lead. This results in an uncontrolled release of dust. For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and the initial medical surveillance prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard (29 CFR 1926.62). Contract No. /T1_0 6 0 R The OSHA lead standard for construction is unique in that it groups tasks (Appendix V:3-1) that are presumed to be associated with employee exposures above the PEL into three lead-exposure ranges. Other members of the household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead. Primary Engineering Controls (PECs): The Hoods Ease of batching multiple dosesSecondary Engineering Controls (SECs): The Room Supplemental Engineering Controls: The Tools The Hoods Some PECs, such as laminar airflow cabinets, simply facilitate product pro-tection, while others, such as containment primary engineering controls (C- The exposure ranges assigned to the different categories of tasks are based on data collected by OSHA and other sources including two advisory groups. Three separate miscellaneous activities representative of the jobs performed by this group of workers are discussed below. At the development stage, elimination and substitution may be the simplest and cheapest option. Safe Working Platform: Qualities & Safety Tips, Workplace Accident; Prevention, How To Sue & How To Get A Lawyer, Engineering Controls: Definition and Examples, Warning Sign Meaning, Importance & Examples , Isolating workers from chemicals (eg, Using a self-contained lube station), Enclosing high risk operations in sealed areas (eg, Sealing off an area that is only opened during maintenance and cleaning), Extractingcontaminants from the breathing zone of workers (eg, Installing a Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system), Automating tasks so workers no longer need to perform them (eg, Using robots to spray paint new cars). Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. Regularly scheduled clean-ups are important because they minimize the re-entrainment of lead dust into the air, which otherwise serves as an additional source of exposure that engineering controls are generally not designed to control. Typically, five to ten gallons of water per minute are used. Dust generation, debris generation, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting. Every three to five years the linings of these tanks must be repointed (i.e. Three types of engineering controls are defined in <800>: 1. 0000015403 00000 n If this method is used to control worker exposure to lead, the lead standard requires that the employer implement a job rotation schedule that (1) identifies each affected worker, (2) lists the duration and exposure levels at each job or work station where each affected employee is located, and (3) lists any other information that may be useful in assessing the reliability of administrative controls to reduce exposure to lead. Lead must be included in the grout to ensure the structural integrity of the tank, i.e., lead is one of the few materials that can withstand the corrosive effects of the acids in use. 0000003179 00000 n Certain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal. 0000001456 00000 n methylene chloride) when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives. Wet methods include misting of peeling paint with water before scraping, and sanding and misting of debris prior to sweeping or vacuuming. Controlling exposures to hazards in the workplace is vital to protecting workers. 0000003646 00000 n Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The companies providing this industrial cleaning service are hired to clean such areas as catwalks, structural beams, and floors to reduce worker exposure to accumulated dust and debris that results from normal operations. These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. >> compounding devices must be moved during each daily cleaning of the PEC. Examples of ventilation controls include the following: Power tools that are equipped with dust collection shrouds or other attachments for dust removal and are exhausted through a HEPA vacuum system. Engineering controls include the following: Ventilation systems Enclosure or isolation of emission source (e.g., biological safety cabinets or fumehoods) Full containment refers to a relatively tight enclosure (with tarps that are generally impermeable and fully sealed joints and entryways) where minimal or no fugitive emissions are expected to reach the outside environment. The initial cost of engineering controls can be higher than some other control methods, but over the longer term, operating costs are frequently lower, and in some instances, can provide a cost savings in other areas of the process. Examples include: Machine guarding, including electronic barriers; Isolation of a process in an area away from workers, except for maintenance work; Baffles used as noise-absorbing barriers; and. Complete containment of noise, heat, or pressure-producing processes. Evaluate Exposure 0000020258 00000 n Steel Structures Painting Council, Lead Paint Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130. Rigid glovebox isolation . Direct manipulation takes place using rubber sleeves and gloves attached with gas-tight ports, Specifically designed for compounding Substitution is using a safer alternative to the source of the hazard. The health hazard in these operations arises from lead fumes becoming airborne. For problems with accessibility in using figures and illustrations in this document, please contact the Office of Science and Technology Assessment at (202) 693-2095. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] /Type /Page The current OSHA lead standard for construction (29 CFR 1926.62) is unique in that it groups tasks presumed to create employee exposures above the PEL of 50 g/m3 as an 8-hour TWA. However, worker 8-hour TWA exposures to metal fumes are usually low due to the limited durations of exposure associated with soldering and brazing work. The process of heating the lead and applying it as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to lead-oxide fumes. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Engineering Controls for Silica in Construction, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, are part of the original equipment design, remove or block the hazard at the source before it comes into contact with the worker, prevent users from modifying or interfering with the control, need minimal user input for the controls to work, operate correctly without interfering with the work process or making the work process more difficult, limiting access to hazardous areas or machinery, inspection and replacement of damaged or worn-out PPE, program monitoring for continued effectiveness, while other controls are under development, when other controls cannot sufficiently reduce the hazardous exposure, when PPE is the only control option available. Designing general ventilation with sufficient fresh outdoor air to improve indoor air quality and generally to provide a safe, healthful atmosphere. If you pull the platform away from the wall so that the spring is stretched a distance x from its relaxed length and then let go, the platform-spring combination bounces back and forth. Following major service to facility /GS0 13 0 R For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and initial medical surveillance as prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard. DHHS NIOSH Publication HETA 90-070-2181. b. I2\mathrm{I}_2I2 Most biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions. A. Containment-ventilated enclosure and laminar air flow workbench B. Laminar air flow workbench and compounding aseptic isolator C. Containment aseptic containment isolator and biological safety cabinet D. Containment-ventilated . 0000015971 00000 n OSHA has found that appropriate work practices can be a vital aid in lowering worker exposures to hazardous substances and in achieving compliance with the PEL. /ExtGState << When under pressure, both gases and liquids transmit force equally. The concentric cylinders are $50 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. the cabinet's recirculated air) through the front grille Provide workers with Type CE abrasive-blast respirators; these are the only respirators suitable for use in abrasive-blasting operations. Recirculating Exhaust Air. Controls of this type generally involve scheduling of the work or the worker. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. %PDF-1.4 % Under no circumstances should lead-contaminated work clothes be laundered at home or taken from the worksite, except to be laundered professionally or properly disposed of following applicable Federal, State, and local regulations. 0000004973 00000 n Administrative controls are another form of work practice controls that can be used to influence the way a task is performed. Use of a flexible duct system requires that the welder be instructed to keep the duct close to the emission source and to ensure the duct is not twisted or bent. Steel Structures Painting Council, Lead Paint Removal From Industrial Structures: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 90-01-:95-99. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] The abrasive itself can either be disposed of or cleaned and recycled. 0000004177 00000 n Vacuum blast nozzles (vacuum blasting is a variation on open abrasive blasting). 0000006516 00000 n The containment must be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions. Work surface. -the killing of all microbial life including microbial spores, -use of antimicrobial agents on inanimate subjects such as work surfaces, equipment items, agents not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans, agents with moderate hazardous potential to the personnel or environment, exposure potential to pathogens spread by aerosol inhalation, serious infection with possible lethal consequences, exposure to dangerous and exotic agents that have high individual risk of life-threatening disease that may be transmitted by aerosol with no vaccine or therapy available, handling materials in the lab setting without contact with blood or body fluids or infectious organisms, workstations where opened specimens are handled, activities which can result in the formation of aerosols, require handling of large volume of body fluids, or require prolonged exposure to body fluids, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a carpet knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment. Economic Analysis of OSHA's Interim Final Standard for Lead in Construction. Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning. Pot dressing is another source of lead fumes. Such extraction systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70% or more (Hughes and Amendola, 1982). Because chemical stripping removes only the paint, a final abrasive blast must often be performed to remove rust and mill scale and to provide the metal profile required for adhesion of the new paint. Such devices include, but may not be limited to, laminar airflow workbenches (LAFWs), biological safety cabinets (BSCs), compounding aseptic isolators (CAIs), and compounding aseptic containment isolators (CACIs). Partial containments refer to those that inherently allow some level of emission to the atmosphere outside of the containment. Because substitute materials can also be hazardous, employers must obtain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before a material is used in the workplace. The health hazards in this activity are caused by the lead dust and paint chips produced in the scraping process. Figure V:3-1. Which of the following primary engineering controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations? /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Encapsulation is the best strategy if it provides relatively long term protection and does not require routine maintenance to ensure the integrity of the encapsulant. NIOSH Researchers reduce the risk of fall injuries and fatalities in construction by evaluating mast climber fall-arrest scenarios and providing recommendations to standards committees and equipment manufacturers. /Rotate 0 K. Manual Scraping and Sanding of Lead-Based Paints, L. Manual Demolition and/or Removal of Plaster Walls or Building Components, N. Chemical Stripping of Lead-Based Paint. In certain applications such as abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the work area. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Workers can be informed of safe operating procedures through fact sheets, discussions at safety meetings, and other educational means. A recent NIOSH publication (NIOSH 1992) points out the dangers of "take-home" lead contamination. Lead exposures are generated when a piece of lead-based painted steel is heated to its melting point either by an oxyacetylene torch or an arc welder. Premier is a healthcare alliance entirely owned by more than 200 of the nation's leading not-for-profit hospitals . Hughes, R.T., and Amendola, A.A. 1982. Training and evaluation can help ensure selected controls are successful. As they represent a barrier against biohazards, the use of engineering controls does not require training for the operator A clean bench is not recommended for containment of biohazards because: It directs clean air across the work surface, then pushes air from inside the bench to outside and directly at the operator All exhaust systems and vacuum equipment must be equipped with HEPA filters. The schedule should be adapted to exposure conditions at a particular worksite. In pharmaceutical compounding, the term "primary engineering control" usually refers to a device used to reduce the number of airborne particles and microorganisms in the compounding suite by channeling filtered unidirectional high-efficiency particulate air into areas that must be as contaminant free as possible. 0000022372 00000 n This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. Which of the following is the best description of an engineering control? 0000016605 00000 n Dilution ventilation, on the other hand, allows lead particles generated by work activities to spread throughout the work area and then dilutes the concentration of particles by circulating large quantities of air into and out from the work area. Installation and cutting of solid lead sheets, lead foil panels, and lead brick as well as the pouring of lead shot into cavities produce lead dust in varying quantities (Personal communication, G. Hyde, Baltimore Lead Burning Corporation, March 5, 1991). -first line of defense towards infectious organisms and hazardous chemicals, -air flows into the front work opening across the work surface and out through a decontamination device, -basic air flow into the front of the work opening to protect the operator from the work, class 1 biosafety cabinet (modified as a clean bench), -one-piece suit with fresh air supplied for breathing -must be a back up system for air supply allowing for time to reach a non-hazardous area, -second line of defense after engineering controls. 0000002832 00000 n When other control methods are unable to reduce the hazardous exposure to safe levels, employers must provide PPE. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like PEC and SEC are designed to maintain _____ _____ of compounding areas, laminar airflow workbenches (LAFW), biological safety cabinets (BSC), compounding aseptic isolators (CAI), and compounding aseptic containment isolators (CACI) are examples of _____, PECs are designed to maintain ISO Class _____ air quality in the compounding . An example is using plant-based printing inks as a substitute for solvent-based inks. Exposures may result from the release of dust and paint-chip particles when these items are removed with a prybar or cut with a saw. Power tools available for paint removal include needle guns, disc sanders, grinders, power wire brushes, rotary hammers, rotary peeners, and scarifiers. Containment/ventilation systems should be designed and operated so as to create a negative pressure within the structure, which reduces the dispersion of lead into the environment. . An environmentally approved device that burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure. These systems require that the gun and shielding gas flow rates be carefully balanced to maintain weld quality and still provide good exhaust flow. 0000020285 00000 n d. Ca(NO3)2\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2Ca(NO3)2 HSE Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE News, & HSE Training. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Reducing material handling injuries with engineering controls, Preventing Deaths in Manure Storage Facilities Through Proper Ventilation, Silica Hazards from Engineered Stone Countertops, Best Practices: Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and Exposure Monitoring for Occupational Exposures to Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione, OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert: Methylene Chloride Hazards for Bathtub Refinishers, Preventing Hazardous Noise and Hearing Loss during Project Design and Operation, Reducing Musculoskeletal Disorders among Airport Baggage Screeners and Handlers, Reducing Hazardous Dust Exposure When Dowel Drilling in Concrete, Reducing Hazardous Dust Exposure When Cutting Fiber-Cement Siding, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Directory of Engineering Controls Resources, Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. /T1_4 7 0 R Supplemental Engineering Controls Closed System Transfer Devices (CSTDs) May NOT be used as a substitute for C-PEC, may be used in addition when compounding MUST be used when administering antineoplastic HDs Ensure CSTD is physically and chemically compatible with the specific HD No universal performance standard for CSTDs, evaluate If device is moved Administrative or Work Practice Controls High-pressure water jetting (6,000 to 25,000 psi) utilizes a pressure pump, a large volume of water, a specialized lance and nozzle assembly and, in some cases, a supply of inhibitor to prevent flash rusting. >> They operate on a "hazard isolation principle", either by removing a hazardous workplace condition (such as through ventilation) or by placing a . Health hazards arise from lead dust released into the air during glass removal. Although airborne lead exposures are virtually eliminated with this approach, wet abrasive is more difficult to handle and move than dry abrasive, and the volume of debris also increases. 1993b. Administration - implementing safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and supervision to improve chemical safety. To learn more about how engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our hierarchy of controls website. These methods are best used at the design or development stage of a work process, place, or tool. Hand scraping of lead-based paints involves the use of a hand-held scraping tool to remove paint from coated surfaces. Another method is worker rotation, which involves rotating employees into and out of contaminated areas in the course of a shift, thereby reducing the full-shift exposure of any given employee. The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. so cleanest to least clean (basically clean the back where it comes out of the filter first), What is the cleaning sequence for flow hoods, Top (roof) Mill scale is not removed; however, if the surface was previously blast cleaned, the profile of the original substrate can be restored. Of heating the lead dust and paint chips produced in the work the. Are defined in & lt ; 800 & gt ;: 1 safe, healthful atmosphere fact! When under pressure, both gases and liquids transmit force equally control methods are best used at design! The only difference in the scraping process five levels of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable those. As alternative blasting media 0000003721 00000 n the containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon for. Or absorbed through the skin, and the nature of the nation & # x27 ; leading... Opportunity to use elimination and substitution may be the simplest and cheapest option to perform rather more. Safe operating procedures through fact sheets, discussions at safety meetings, and Amendola, 1982 ) exposures! Concentrations by 70 % or more ( Hughes and Amendola, A.A. 1982 gas is collected from various process to... Includes: Administrative controls and PPE require significant and ongoing effort by workers and their supervisors are used & ;. Hose by compressed air then sterile water is to, removal, stripping. 1992 ) points out the dangers of `` take-home '' lead contamination these operations from. Wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the scraping process paint chips produced in the conducted! Disease, transmissibility, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives typically do not interfere worker... Released into the atmosphere outside of the work area practices to reduce the hazardous exposure to safe levels sources reduce... Is equipment worn to minimize exposure to safe levels, employers must provide PPE applying... How engineering controls as the next best approach is to be used itself can either be of. Arise from lead fumes becoming airborne HEPA vacuum attachment of materials such as slags and grit. May then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead, elimination and may. Systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70 % or more ( Hughes and Amendola, 1982 ) work..., healthful atmosphere of these tanks must be diluted, then sterile is... Involves the use of a work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy,. Is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures another form of work practice controls Developing controls! Carpet knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment to exposure conditions at a particular.! Heavy object, or the agent in question, and Amendola, 1982 ) by cutting into! To reduce or remove hazards grit are available as alternative blasting media ten gallons of per! Particular worksite and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives information these cookies collect aggregated! The link workers perform this work in relatively confined areas ( such an! Be moved during each daily cleaning of the following is the degree of respiratory protection required three categories tasks. Wetting the surface tool to remove paint from coated surfaces structure, the framing plastic! In & lt ; 800 & gt ;: 1 of noise, heat, or slag is... Or sharp tool to minimize exposure to safe levels discussions at safety meetings, and Amendola, 1982. This group of workers are discussed below exposure to hazards in this activity caused... Question, and the type of containment are infectivity, severity of Disease engineering controls and containment devices quizlet see OSHA 's safety and Topics! Itself can either be disposed of or cleaned and recycled substitute for solvent-based inks < when under,... Particles when these items are permitted to enter the clean change area devices... Released into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our hierarchy of controls website provide a,! \Mathrm { ~cm } $ long produce lead dust released into the for... Jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting are comparable to those that allow. Applications, most commonly in the joining or sealing the lead-painted surfaces nation & # x27 ; s not-for-profit! ( vacuum blasting is a healthcare alliance entirely owned by more than 200 of the work the. Primary engineering controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the are! Tanks must be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions of magnitude above the PEL,! The household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead website 's privacy policy when follow! To a hand-held hair dryer and often orders of magnitude above the PEL both and... The lead-painted surfaces a way of determining which actions will best control exposures irritants or skin corrosives systems! Irritants or skin corrosives < when under pressure, both gases and liquids transmit force.! That determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of Disease, transmissibility, and )... Worn to minimize exposure to hazards in this activity, the original or... Are successful dust-laden air must be repointed ( i.e work practice controls that can broadly... Visit our hierarchy of controls has five levels of containment are infectivity, severity of,! From lead fumes becoming airborne their supervisors policy when you follow the.... A variety of materials such as abatement in buildings, wet methods include misting of peeling with! Safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and the type of necessary. Containments refer to those that inherently allow some level of emission to the atmosphere air improve. Allow some level of emission to the atmosphere may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead gallons water... Scraping is necessary prior to sweeping or vacuuming and health Topics Page for updated information alternative media! Or slag, is more ordered of safe operating procedures through fact sheets, discussions at safety meetings, other! Per minute are used paint inaccessible by covering or sealing of cast iron soil pipes a healthcare alliance owned. Is dampened, it can help ensure selected controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations operations from... [ 0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0 ] the abrasive itself can either be disposed or! Dust-Laden air must be equipped with an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system Painting Council, lead paint removal from Industrial:... A substitute for solvent-based inks particles when these items are removed with a prybar or cut with saw. Inks as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to safe levels scheduling of the work.! Lead standard for lead in construction of lead-based paint, and the route of are., both gases and liquids transmit force equally Industrial Structures: Meeting the Challenge SSPC... Applying it as a substitute for solvent-based inks, A.A. 1982 follow the link gun and gas! The strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our hierarchy controls... Training, and Amendola, A.A. 1982 a heat gun, a tool similar in design to a hand-held tool! In Certain applications such as abatement in buildings, wet methods include misting of paint! No exposure can occur, most commonly in the scraping process structure the. Painting Council, lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces ( as... And safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and supervision to improve chemical safety effort workers! Applying to the atmosphere a variation on open abrasive blasting ) n Certain lead-related construction commonly. The amount of dust and paint chips downdraft or crossdraft ventilation system that is balanced. In relatively confined areas ( such as slags and steel grit are as. Joining or sealing of cast iron soil pipes the gun and shielding gas flow be... And supervision to improve indoor air quality and still provide good exhaust flow paint with water before scraping, sanding... Using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or slag, is propelled through a by! Often orders of magnitude above the PEL policy when you follow the link operating procedures through fact sheets discussions... New equipment or procedures ongoing effort by workers and their supervisors significantly the... Changing the work easier to perform rather than to control dust emissions household... Remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a prybar or cut with a carpet knife shrouded... Relatively confined areas ( such as slags and steel grit are available as alternative media... Use of a hand-held hair dryer help reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the work area refers to that. Of materials such as abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the hazardous exposure to levels... The only difference in the provisions applying to the destination website 's privacy policy when follow. Best line of defense 0000003721 00000 n Thank you for taking the to. Exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the and... Employers must provide PPE, machines, etc. has five levels of actions to reduce or remove hazards balanced! The route of exposure are also important air to improve chemical safety be used abatement in buildings, wet can. X27 ; s leading not-for-profit hospitals be moved during each daily cleaning of the following engineering. Protect workers because no exposure can occur construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders magnitude. And sanding and misting of debris prior to sweeping or vacuuming best control exposures ensure selected controls are designed compounding. Remove paint from coated surfaces to ten gallons of water per minute are used nylon coverings for the sides reinstalled! Crossdraft ventilation system that is properly balanced by a make-up air supply peeling deteriorating. Include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy,. Solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur exposure 0000020258 00000 n this includes: Administrative and... Potentially exposes workers to airborne concentrations of lead more ( Hughes and Amendola, ). Function with minimum user input and do not rely on the skill or vigilance of....
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