In January 1919 a part of Belarus under Bolshevik Russian control was declared the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (SSRB) for just two months, but then merged with the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) to form the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia (SSR LiB), which lost control of its territories by August. However, it was short-lived as the communist rule and later the Nazi occupation of Belarus would suppress the freethinking writers of Belarus and force many into leave the country. [242] It existed from only 1918 to 1919 but created prerequisites for the formation of a Belarusian state. During that time, 209 out of 290 towns and cities were destroyed, 85% of the republic's industry, and more than one million buildings. [269][270], The traditional Belarusian dress originates from the Kievan Rus' period. [66], The Republic of Central Lithuania was a short-lived political entity, which was the last attempt to restore Lithuania in the historical confederacy state (it was also supposed to create Lithuania Upper and Lithuania Lower). Each chamber has the ability to veto any law passed by local officials if it is contrary to the constitution. [38][39] The etymology of the word Gudija is not clear. [84] In 1986, the Byelorussian SSR was contaminated with most (70%) of the nuclear fallout from the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant located 16km beyond the border in the neighboring Ukrainian SSR. [228], Due to its failure to protect labor rights, including passing laws forbidding unemployment or working outside of state-controlled sectors,[229] Belarus lost its EU Generalized System of Preferences status on 21 June 2007, which raised tariff rates to their prior most favored nation levels. Russia agrees to sell Belarus gas at 60% below the price charged to other European countries, . [139], The government includes a Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister and five deputy prime ministers. The country's folk music traditions can be traced back to the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Lukashenko was officially re-elected in 2001, in 2006, in 2010, in 2015 and again in 2020, although none of those elections were considered free or fair nor democratic.[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. About us. Vietnam. [186] The Belarusian government is also criticized for human rights violations and its persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. The Soviets invaded and annexed much of eastern Poland, which had been part of the country since the Peace of Riga two decades earlier. [107][108][109][110][111] Neither is Lukashenko recognized as the legitimate president of Belarus by the European Union, Canada, the United Kingdom nor the United States. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than have any of the other former Soviet republics. Current Communist Countries: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. He spent the World War I years in Soviet Belarus, becoming one of the country's most distinguished artists and a member of the modernist avant-garde and was a founder of the Vitebsk Arts College. Belarus Imposes Fines for Being Unemployed News", "The EU's Relationship With Belarus Trade", "Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus", "Belarus abandons pegging its currency to Russian ruble", With economy in tatters, Belarus appeals to IMF for rescue loan of up to $8billion. [204], Belarus is divided into six regions called oblasts (Belarusian: ; Russian: ), which are named after the cities that serve as their administrative centers: Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev, Minsk, and Vitebsk. Two suspects, who were arrested within two days, confessed to being the perpetrators and were executed by shooting in 2012. . [197] In July 2021, Belarusian authorities launched a hybrid warfare by human trafficking of migrants to the European Union. Belarus's beleaguered government remains unfazed by covid-19. [154] Many of the candidates, including Sannikov, were sentenced to prison or house arrest for terms which are mainly and typically over four years. [217] The growth rate is much lower than for the economy as a wholeabout 2.2% in 2021. [172] In addition to the CIS, Belarus is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (previously the Eurasian Economic Community), the Collective Security Treaty Organisation,[164] the international Non-Aligned Movement since 1998,[173] and the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). [137], The House of Representatives has the power to appoint the prime minister, make constitutional amendments, call for a vote of confidence on the prime minister, and make suggestions on foreign and domestic policy. In the 19th century, Polish composer Stanisaw Moniuszko composed operas and chamber music pieces while living in Minsk. China and Belarus called for a cease-fire and negotiations to end the war between Russia and Ukraine as leaders of the two countries meet in Beijing to improve their relations. ( ).-, 1940. Covering an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) and with a population of 9.2 million, Belarus is the 13th-largest and the 20th-most populous country in Europe. [142], Lukashenko has been frequently described as the "last dictator" in Europe in media. [199] In August 2021, Belarusian officials, wearing uniforms, riot shields and helmets, were recorded on camera near the BelarusLithuania border pushing and urging the migrants to cross the European Union border. Jahrhundert. Darya Domracheva is a leading biathlete whose honours include three gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Policies of Polonization[58] changed by Russification,[59] which included the return to Orthodox Christianity of Belarusian Uniates. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. [190], The judicial system in Belarus lacks independence and is subject to political interference. After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. No, you are using the term correctly. "We wish you success . Settlements without their own local council and executive committee are called territorial units (Belarusian: ; Russian: ). [160][161] Belarus was a founding member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). [121] It is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. The National Bank of Belarus abandoned pegging the Belarusian ruble to the Russian rouble in August 2007. As of March 2022, countries or regions subject to U.S. sanctions (either unilaterally or in part) include Afghanistan, the Balkans, Belarus, Burma, Central African Republic, Cuba, Democratic. [116][117] Further sanctions were imposed in 2022 following the country's role in the invasion of Ukraine. The national football team has never qualified for a major tournament; however, BATE Borisov has played in the Champions League. Occupied by Nazi Germany, Belarus was retaken by Stalin's Russia in 1944 and remained under Soviet control until declaring its sovereignty on July 27, 1990 and independence from the Soviet Union on August 25, 1991. [130][131], Belarus borders five countries: Latvia to the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, Russia to the north and the east, and Ukraine to the south. Belarus "fully agrees with and supports China's position and proposals on a political solution to the Ukraine crisis, which is of great significance to resolving the crisis," CCTV quoted . [168] Anyone who remembers Ukraine in 1989. Amnesty International,[101] and Human Rights Watch[102] have criticized Lukashenko's violations of human rights. We give money to Belarus, which is Russian dictator Vladimir Putin's closest ally. The title, "Socialism Is the Best Prophylaxis," comes from a statement made by Dr. Maxim Zetkin (1883-1965), the son of the communist and international women's rights activist Clara Zetkin . [242] Minority groups include: Russians (7.5%), Poles (3.1%), and Ukrainians (1.7%). A court on Friday sentenced Belarus' top human rights advocate and one of the winners of the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize, to 10 years in prison. [248] Roman Catholicism is practiced mostly in the western regions, and there are also different denominations of Protestantism. After Stalin's death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev continued his predecessor's cultural hegemony program, stating, "The sooner we all start speaking Russian, the faster we shall build communism. Other notable Belarusian sportspeople include cyclist Vasil Kiryienka, who won the 2015 Road World Time Trial Championship, and middle-distance runner Maryna Arzamasava, who won the gold medal in the 800m at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics. ", "Belarus Economic Crisis Deepens as Currency Plunges", "Security Council Press Statement on Minsk Bombing | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases", "Belarus's Protests Aren't Particularly Anti-Putin", "Protests in Belarus continue despite challenger's departure", "Belarus asks Lithuania to extradite opposition leader Tsikhanouskaya", "Lithuania to Belarus: 'Rather watch hell freeze over' than deliver Tsikhanouskaya", "Headquarters of Tsikhanouskaya, Coordination Council and National Anti-Crisis Management", "Belarus protests: Why Poland is backing the opposition", "Belarus opposition leader: Foreign mediation may be needed", "El Pais interview with HR/VP Borrell: "Lukashenko is like Maduro. In 2007, Belarus's population declined by 0.41% and its fertility rate was 1.22,[246] well below the replacement rate. [272], Belarusian cuisine consists mainly of vegetables, meat (particularly pork), and bread. We were very nervous . In the 1990s some raised the estimate even higher, to 2.7 million. The bloc is a political and economic union, consisting of 27 member states. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. As of 2015[update], 69.9% of Belarus's population is aged 14 to 64; 15.5% is under 14, and 14.6% is 65 or older. [246] Over 99% of Belarusians aged 15 and older are literate. [267][268], Marc Chagall was born in Liozna (near Vitebsk) in 1887. Washington and Beijing are competing . The judiciary comprises the Supreme Court and specialized courts such as the Constitutional Court, which deals with specific issues related to constitutional and business law. The other countries on the list are Eritrea, Cuba, Uzbekistan, Syria, and Belarus. MOFA condemned the Chinese Communist Party's "continuous spread of false statements" and its practice of forcing other countries to agree with its claims. The main trading partners are Russia, which accounts for about 45% of Belarusian exports and 55% of imports, and the EU countries, which account for 25% of exports and 20% of imports. The German Generalplan Ost called for the extermination, expulsion, or enslavement of most or all Belarusians for the purpose of providing more living space in the East for Germans. [256] Belarusian, although not as widely used as Russian, is the mother tongue of 53.2% of the population, whereas Russian is the mother tongue of only 41.5%.[255]. Belarus Appeals To IMF For $8bln Rescue Loan. [198] Lithuanian authorities and top European officials Ursula von der Leyen, Josep Borrell condemned the usage of migrants as a weapon and suggested that Belarus could be subject to further sanctions. It was the last Soviet republic where the communist economic system worked and it was also the most militarized.
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