30. It is obvious that such seeing of possibilities and potentialities is dependent upon the techneof the technological viewing and those who proceed with unethical actions will do so because they believe some personal end which will bring about their own personal eudaimoniaor happiness will be the result, and they will do so under a sense of duty or be just following the orders of their superiors. The book Les malheurs de Sophie was made by Kounouz about the misfortunes of a girl named Sophie. 31. Historicism dominates all presentations of what has come to be called knowledge in the 21st century. how reality is conceived. I have written extensively on imagination in the link below and suggest a reading of this writing as a possible prod to further you along in your Exhibition of this way of knowing the world. For example: I believe that two plus three equals five, I believe that Bill Clinton was President of the United States in 1995, and I believe that I will live another ten years. no knowledge is permanent, and this is quite contrary to how the Greeks understood knowledge as in sophia and episteme; they understood that some things are permanent. How can we distinguish between knowledge, belief and opinion? These cabals of knowers have power within their respective communities, so much so that some proponents of these world-pictures have become placed as the new priesthood in the communities where these world pictures thrive. This choice of images or objects is your own, but the truth and knowledge in the representational thinking regarding their relation to each other will not be of your doing or making. The truth of what is past or historical must be disinterred and become claimed as current knowledge. Experts help the societies of which they are members determine what is best to know within that society. to determine what our tastes should be in our various forms of entertainment. We skip over knowing the reasons for the things being as they are because we, in fact, alreadyknowthem for being what they are and as they are.The Greeks began their journey to thought by first trusting in that which they were seeking, but they also doubted. They are the predications of the subject that we call knowledge. Knowledge somehow breaks the. A question has arisen regarding the idea of added value in comment #2. According to Wikipedia, a good explanation is a set of statements usually constructed to describe a set of interpreted facts which clarifies the causes, context, and consequences of those interpreted facts. This description of the facts etc. What counts as a good justification for a claim? In Latin, this account is ratio:the ground of the truth of judgement isratio. The discussion of how knowledges applications are esteemed to have higher value than theoretical knowledge or phronetic knowledge are apropos here, although this was not the case in other cultures at other times. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. Quantum physics challenges what we have understood historically as causality and the role of reason in understanding the world about us, but because its results are reliable and dependable we can count on those results as giving us all that we need to know. You used can in your questi. For Christians, the name of God is holy, sacred, and He is not to be named because to do so would turn Him into a thing. The word expert derives from expertise or know how and this kind of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne. On what grounds might we doubt a claim? Belief {Gk. The same principle operates in Islams rejection of any images of Allah for to represent Him as an image or idea turns Him into a thing. All producing is based on a disclosive looking i.e. It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. Bringing this pre-programmed response to light will help you in your search for self-knowledge in that how you interpret things i.e. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. Technology, understood as instrumentality, is a matter of ends and means. One cannot say that Galileos doctrine of the free fall of bodies is true and that of Aristotle, who holds that light bodies strive upwards, is false; for the Greek conception of the essence of body, of place, and of their relationship depends on a different interpretation of beings and therefore engenders a different way of seeing and examining natural processes. A sufficient reason is both a demonstration and an explanation of some thing or event, but the thing or event must be made and become an object of inquiry a priori through the application of the principle of sufficient reason. minds. Such possession implies having a power over, a control over, a relation to some thing or some one, and therefore a responsibility for the knowledge, the thing, the person that one is related to that one has some kind of possession of. Beings as a whole are now taken in such a way that they are in being first and only insofar as they are presented by the human being as the representer and producer, that is, as objects. The why and the how, as well as the what are explained and this is usually indicated by our use of the word be-cause, the cause is. In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge? 33. What features of knowledge have an impact on its reliability? This gathering and laying is a reciprocal relationship, a two-fold back and forth relationship involving both you as knower and the things that you know, the images or objects you have chosen. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. Experience can also mean to go, travel, etc., literally to go forth, and this understanding has a more external quality. Reasons must be rendered or handed over for the things which first give themselves to us. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. how the questions of what, how and why are sufficiently answered and the thing about which the claim is being made is sufficiently brought to light and handed over to others. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? How is current knowledge shaped by its historical development? A good explanation, like good evidence, provides reasons for the answers to the questions whence, why and how. It lacks evident correctness, evidence. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. This type of speaking in under great threat in todays world. This is a particularly troublesome prompt because it requires an exploration of the terms impose and ethical obligations. how to drink with a scram bracelet on; ottlite military time; online teaching meaning in kannada; the truth as unconcealment i.e what we have determined a thing or being to be in the first place. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. OMG! Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Knowledge and politics Press to see Commentary 1 -The caste system caused a division between Indians. In looking at the prompt in its most general form, what counts as experience at a given period depends on a prior interpretation of the world that is not itself derived from or vulnerable to experience. Experience is at first passive: we come across something without going in search of it. To regard moods or conscience as experiences ignores the way in which these moods disclose or how they open up for us our way of being in the world and our human being. The principle of reason founds all principles as principles. I know this will likely bother anyone who is interested in order and logic, but I've decided to break the order of prompts so I can publish them as I record them. Anyone who has been ill or has had loved ones who have been ill could not but be grateful for the improvements that have occurred in the medical sciences such as the discovery of penicillin. Einstein, for example, has been quite clear that it was not reason only that brought about his theory of relativity but that imagination played a great part in its final coming-to-be. Hence, humanism arises at the same time as the world-picture, a philosophical interpretation of man that explains beings as a whole in terms of man and with a view to man. Bob has also created the harmonies for music on todays podcast, theyre really beautiful. The reason rendered must be asufficient reason:that is, that it be completely satisfactory as an account. His speech is sophistry. it is the point of something, the purpose or end goal of something from which we can add up the parts to make a whole. Activities such as gene splicing to produce seed that will not reproduce, etc. What this definition indicates is that the production of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne, and in all of those prompts that speak of the production or producing of knowledge we can be certain that the technological viewing of the world is at play. What this question is asking is can the knowledge that we learned changed beliefs or values that we were taught by our guardians since we were born in other words, the knowledge that we grew up on. fides} is the affirmation of, or conviction regarding, the truth of a proposition, whether or not one is in possession of evidence adequate to justify a claim that the proposition is known with certainty (the principle of sufficient reason). Opinion is the handing over of knowledge through language and what the thing is that is handed over. Our use of tools is primarily a way in which we enhance our sense perception as a way of knowing things in the sciences, but the things themselves must be determined as objects and therefore calculable and measurable prior to our use of the tools. If a thing cannot be named, it cannot be given over to others. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? In short, your TOK exhibition is a holding forth by you demonstrating how you understand some of the key TOK terms and how you are able to apply them to the real world. You may want to reflect on the saying: the good end justifies any means and through your examples show the nature of bias. The Natural Sciences: Historical Background; View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. It is difficult to take as sane someone who does not. The philosophical tradition believed that there was a knowledge which was accessible through reason that was permanent and unchanging, a truth that would be true in all times and all places about the most important things. New knowledge can't override the old. Our doubt and skepticism, on the other hand, is spurred by the requirement of giving sufficient reasons for a things being what and how it is, and should these not be given, then the thing is not. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. This representational thinking, or visual thinking, determines howthe object stands i.e. OT 3: Knowledge and Politics Part 1. That we have areas of knowledge is a recognition of the need for specialization in our studies since so much information and knowledge has been amassed in these areas through our pursuit of knowledge. 4. 13. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? We believe that a truth is only a truth if a reason can be rendered for it. A new assessment, inspired by the British museum's "A history of the world in 100 objects." Acknowledgements: the factual features of this web-page are based on the TOK Guide of the 2022 specification. Information only informs when the data which comprises it is placed within a system (the form) that allows it to in-form. For knowledge to be accumulated and disseminated there must be both a communicator of the knowledge and an audience of hearers. rendered, and to whom or to what is a reason rendered? If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. Whether we are speaking of the cherry tree in bloom in the streets or the David that was once hidden in the marble and now stands in Florence, producing knowledge involves a great deal of our time as human beings both in our work and our play. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. The second example is a result of the system that is in place that allows beings to seen as how we wish to view them. A reason is this sort of reason only if it is aratio,that is an account given about something that is in front of the person as a judging I and is given to this I. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment. They are what can be learned and what can be taught i.e. What this means is that something is, something can only be identified as a being/thing, only if it is stated in a sentence that satisfies the fundamental principle of reason as its founding i.e.. it is the fundamental principle of all that is, including statements made to others. The Latin words reor and ratio represent the sort of orienting and conforming that is a reckoning, a counting on, and this is why the Roman word ratio came to translate the Greek word. Neither of these two AOKs are systems in the true understanding of that word and are rather interpretations of what Westerners see and how they account for the beings as a whole and for their understanding of those beings. Required fields are marked *. We impose laws to determine our behaviours in our communities. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). that knowledge which technology has brought forward. Only the completeness of the account, perfection, provides the evidence for the fact that every cognition everywhere and at all times can include and count on the objects and reckon with them. . How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge? Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? with the way in which man withstands the There, the openness and hiddenness of the beings among which he stands. The exhibition, understood as both a noun and a verb, aims to assess how you can apply TOK concepts to the real world by requiring that you bring to presence, bring out of hiding and to hold out, ex-hibit, evidence of your ability to discourse on the subject matter that you have been studying and questioning in the course. To count on means that the knowledge produced can be relied upon with certainty to be that which is said about it. Understanding is prior to interpretation. 7. What has been determined that you should know if you wish to be a prosperous member of the society which holds that the kind of knowledge espoused is the most valuable to possess? The philosophical principles lying inside quantum physics and Heisenbergs indeterminacy principle are proofs that what was traditionally called objectivity in the sciences is no longer possible. Your email address will not be published. On most occasions we do not and this is due to our relation to the objects of the world that we have brought before us. Is Galileos view an improvement on Aristotles view of nature is, of course, another question entirely and one which you may explore in your Exhibition. How so? OT2: Knowledge and Technology. This prompt and topic is dealt with at greater length in the following links:CT 1: Perspectives (WOKs). Withoutphronesisone develops misperceptions of things. CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; 10. Your response to this prompt will depend on the areas of knowledge that you choose your objects/images from. It is through the original unconcealment of things which allows us to do anything whatsoever: in order for us to do anything, to act upon anything, to stand in relation to any being, it must have been disclosed to us in advance what a being is in general. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects . 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs | Clastify Theory of Knowledge : TOK Exhibition Written Commentary. The USA is going through some deep conflicts at the moment in that its Constitution begins with We hold these truths to be self-evident But its sciences illustrate that there are no self-evident truths and that what are believed to be self-evident truths are coming into conflict with the conveniences that have been revealed and desired through their technology, the tendencies towards autocratism and fascism being two examples . Technology, understood as the principle of sufficient reason, is the guideline that governs all our relations to beings including our practical relations. The seeing is not based on science as the seeing is outside the purview of science. The Greeks, for example, did not have any values and the closest approximation we have to describe this situation is what the Greeks understood by virtue. What we call culture is derived from world-view. Works of art, poems, and tragedies are all perceived as things, and the manner of our questioning about them is done through research, the calculation that determines why the things/the works are as they are through historical studies. Plato examines the relation of the body to the soul under the themes of illness and deformity in his dialogue Sophist. Technologys essence is that it is the theory that determines the practice. Why is an alternative approach necessary? We get together and discuss TOK Exhibition Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Your Exhibition is a rendering that is handed over to others i.e. In active experience, we go forth to look for something. Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. The difference between one concept of greatness and another is not, however, a quantitative, but also a qualitative difference. However, the soul in need of purification shuts itself off from such instruction because it feels it does not need the purification to begin with because it believes that it already knows. Exhibition. In what and from where does our word values have its origins? The principle of reason demands the universal and total reckoning up of everything as something calculable. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? From where do these obligations stem? All dissemination of knowledge is, in one form or another, political since it deals with the community or the polis. World-picture, like the concept of culture, is distinctively modern. https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. judgements, and thus sets itself over-against the world as to an object. It becomes something subjective. About calculus, Leibniz once wrote: When God reckons, a world comes into being; with the death of God it is, of course, human beings who do the reckoning that bring worlds into being, what we call perspectivism. How can we judge when evidence is adequate? Modern technology employs modern science. What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge?