Is there a way to only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution? Below is the syntax of the ADDRESS function: Now, lets take an example and see how this works. How can I force Excel to use the actual value and not the formula? For the following formula to work, we will presume that we already know the column number of the thing that we are looking for. Formula 1 To return the cell absolute reference For example, you have a range of data as below screenshot shown, and you want to lookup product AA and return the relative cell absolute reference. For the example, we will use the list of NBA players and points scored in one random night: Now, let us presume that we want to find out in which exact cell LeBron James is located. Related Content: How to Sum If Cell Contains Specific Text in Excel (6 Ways). February 08, 2022, by
First, you may have forgotten the equal sign. Remove Formula from Multiple Sheets to View Values Using the Paste Special Feature, 7. eg AA1: formula =if (B1=C1,"ok","check"), My formula in another cell is supposed to pick up the OK or check. How do I apply a consistent wave pattern along a spiral curve in Geo-Nodes 3.3? And then simply wrapped it within the CELL function and asked it to return the cell address of this value that I get from the INDEX formula. There are some functions in Excel that designed to do exactly this. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How to create a string or formula containing double quotes in Excel? the string that is being search consists of "string 1|string 2|string 3" matched with for example in the D2 column is "string 2" so that means it can not do a match, but more of find string? I have used the INDEX formula as the second argument to get the department for the employee id KR256. This can be very confusing, and you might think you've somehow broken your spreadsheet. How can I recognize one? has content), you can use a formula based on the IF function. Excel formula to search if all cells in a range read "True", if not, then show "False", Searching for multiple text strings in a MS Excel cell and return the same string when found, Excel formula to find value from field in list and return associated value, MS Excel Formula: Find & Remove Multiple Matches from Text using Range List, Excel formula - IF true, return a text and cell value, Centering layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading. lilian51129
Suppose you have a dataset as shown below, and you want to quickly know the cell address that contains the department for employee id KR256. To check if Show Formulas is turned on, visit the Formula tab in the ribbon and check the Show Formulas button: Show Formulas enabled - just click to disable The reason Show Formulas can be accidentally enabled is because it has a keyboard shortcut (Control +`) that a user might accidentally type. Choose the account you want to sign in with. accidentally trigger the scroll lock feature, The 54 Excel shortcuts you really should know. You can use IF to test for a blank cell like this: In the first example, we test if A1 is empty with ="". Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Use IF Function to Check If Cell Contains Text Then Return Value in Excel 2. The cell displays the value. It's an invaluable resource for me. For the rows, we will use MATCH to find the value of our cell in the range A1:A7. Excel should then evaluate as a formula. HI, I want to pull text from multiple sheets and ignore some specific text as blank or space. In the worksheet shown, we use the second idea in cell E5 like this: If D5 is "not empty", the result is "Done". Utilize IF & ISTEXT Functions to Check If Cell Contains Text Then Return Value 3. Steps: First of all, go to the D5 cell and enter the formula . 200+ Excel Interview Questions. Suspicious referee report, are "suggested citations" from a paper mill? 2 represents the number or decimal points you want to use. Explanation: ISBLANK : function checks the cell D5. Click on the formula bar (or double-click the cell) and press the Enter key. You can also apply the ISNUMBER & SEARCH Function to find if a cell contains text. The reason Show Formulas can be accidentally enabled is because it has a keyboard shortcut (Control +`) that a user might accidentally type. Hi All, I hope this finds you well. Here, we'll use the DATEVALUE function to return the date in a text format. TechCommunityAPIAdmin. When you link cells in Microsoft Excel, the format of the original cell is applied to the linked cell. IF function The IF function runs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and another value for a FALSE result. If(AA1=BB1="ok","ok","check") but currently is not recognising the values. our column number to be any other number, for example, number 3, we would get an incorrect result: We still get the right number for rows, which is something. The VLOOKUP function is efficient to find vertical data in a table. Use IF Function to Check If Cell Contains Text Then Return Value in Excel, 2. This formula works great, but it has one drawback it wont work if you add the row above the dataset or a column to the left of the dataset. Method-1: Using DATEVALUE Function to Return Value If Cell Contains Date. The cell still displays the formula. However, it's likely a simple problem. on
Excel MATCH Function Not Working, SUMIFS to SUM Values in Date Range in Excel, Formula for Number of Days Between Two Dates, In the beginning, insert the following formula in. on
Select the cell with the formula, press F2, and then press ENTER. In a situation, suppose we have entries of certain Categories and Products in a dataset like the image below. This formula will return TRUE when A1 is not empty and FALSE when A1 is empty. When you open an Excel file with openpyxl you have the choice either to read the formulae or the last calculated value. This means that you can select any data set (which could be anywhere in the worksheet), use the INDEX formula to do a regular look up and it would still give you the correct address. Feel free to comment if you have further inquiries. Select the format code that you want the cell to display, and then click OK. Hello, this is Alok. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? To use values for another letter in your table, replace the C with the appropriate letter. We can use SUM ARRAY along with ABS to get the absolute value of a series of numbers in column or row. We can see that formula is removed at the formula bar. In the example shown, the formula in cell E5 is: As the formula is copied down it returns "Done" when a cell in column D is not blank and an empty string ("") if the cell is blank. We also showed how to identify cells with formula. It is the simplest method. October 14, 2022, by
(0 members and 1 guests), ________________________________________________________, 1. We will enter the name of LeBron James in cell E2, and the following formula in cell F2: This formula is fairly easy. Manually delete the preceding Apostrophes. : This excel error occurs for multiple reasons depending upon the formula we use. In the first method, we will use the IF function to check for text value in a cell. on
- last edited on January 31, 2023, by
Creating the Drop Down Filter. Trying to form a formula that picks up data from other cells. You are right, I will put in the corrected formulae. However, if you accidentally trigger this mode, it can be quite disorienting. #VALUE! In the article, you will find an Excel workbook like the image given below to practice on your own. Excel formula that prints cell color (ColorIndex or RGB), How to use Regular Expressions (Regex) in Microsoft Excel both in-cell and loops, Python reads only the formula from excel cell, Excel Formula - Check if cell has formula, Interpret value from formula as a formula in Excel 2010, Apache POI : Formula gets removed while reading the cell value using formula FormulaEvaluator, How to convert code formula to excel data validation formula. We provide tips, how to guide, provide online training, and also provide Excel solutions to your business problems. In this section, we will discuss how to remove the formula from multiple sheets at a time and show values. However, in the data set the lookup value is linked with multiple different dates and I would like to know if there is one excel formula I can use to differentiate my look up value to pick up the date I need without concatenating the data or having . We have two sheets named Dataset8 and Dataset9. In many cases, we try to search for a text or string in a range in Excel. Click OK. But if you need this to be more fool-proof, use the one covered in the next section. Below is the syntax of the CELL function: Now, lets see an example where you can use this function to look up and get the cell reference. If sheet 1 has John in B2 and sheet2 has Jacob in B2 and i want an output in sheet3, where if sheet 2 has Jacob then ignore or blank. I hope this will satisfy your needs. Specify the category and format options for the cell and then click OK. Use Paste Special Shortcut to Show Values Only, 4. To return your own value if two cells match, construct an IF statement using this pattern: IF ( cell A = cell B, value_if_true, value_if_false) For example, to compare A2 and B2 and return "yes" if they contain the same values, "no" otherwise, the formula is: =IF (A2=B2, "yes", "no") Now, select cell A7 in your spreadsheet, and enter the formula '=SUM (ABS (A2:A6))'. We get the following results: Now, this is the exact figure that we need. Not very often can happen that we need to return the actual reference of a certain cell, instead of the cell value itself. A subtle variation of this problem can occur if there is one or more spaces before the equal sign. Next, we will use the IF and ISTEXT functions to check if a cell contains text or not. The INDIRECT function returns a valid reference from a text string. In that case, we can use the INDEX function to match a text in a range and the MATCH function to result in the value in another cell. You should see formulas toggled on and off each time you use the shortcut. In other words, if the cell in column D is "not blank", then the formula should return "Done". 1. In this article, we use IF, ISNUMBER, EXACT, COUNTIF, INDEX, MATCH, VLOOKUP, SEARCH, OR, and AND functions to return value if cell contains text or string in Excel. Excel has a feature called Show Formulasthat toggles the display of formula results and actual formulas. If you leave this out, Excel will simply treat the formula as text: Broken formula example - no equal sign (=). We are not asking Excel if A1 is blank, we are literally counting the characters in A1. 2. Drift correction for sensor readings using a high-pass filter, Centering layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading. I think the problem is coming from Excel using the AVERAGE(D1:D3 instead of the actual value in the cell. The formula is simply: Formula to read value rather than the formula in the cell, Re: Formula to read value rather than the formula in the cell, If a range contains text then return a single value, TIMEVALUE function not working despite identical setup to one that does work, Announcing LAMBDAs to Production and Advanced Formula Environment, A Microsoft Garage Project, Announcing LAMBDA: Turn Excel formulas into custom functions. In Settings tab, select "List" in the drop down, and in 'Source' field, select the unique list of countries that we generated. Use of Right Button of Mouse to Display Just Value in Excel, 6. In the same cell, click Cells on the Format menu. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? Let's start with the most obvious and simplest way to check if a cell contains a date and returns a value. With a little troubleshooting, you can get things working again. Another example is when one or more formulas suddenly stops working. The most common reason for this error is the wrong data type used in the cell references. Try typing Control + ` in a worksheet to see how it works. Now, Press ENTER. Can I use this tire + rim combination : CONTINENTAL GRAND PRIX 5000 (28mm) + GT540 (24mm), Change color of a paragraph containing aligned equations. set 2 to be a number that matches however many decimal points you are using. Apply ISNUMBER & SEARCH Functions to Find If Cell Contains Text, 4. If so, set the formatto General, or another suitable number format. To start with, insert the following formula in. To reverse this behavior, wrap the NOT function around the ISBLANK function: = NOT ( ISBLANK (A1)) // TRUE if A1 is NOT empty By adding NOT the output from ISBLANK is reversed. Instead of a result, you see only a formula, as in the screen below: The VLOOKUP formula is correct, why no result? I am looking for an excel formula, to lookup a value in a data set and return the date relating to that value. In this case, the formula above requiresquotes around criteria. Tried to add text to cell AA1 : =TEXT(if(B1=C1,"ok","check"),"TEXT"), You formula first checks if AA1 is equal to BB1 and returns TRUE or FALSE (1 or 0) and after that compare with "ok". Select the cell with the formula, press F2, and then press ENTER. October 20, 2022, by
If you then edit the formula in the linked cell, the formula is displayed in the cell rather than the value that is returned by the formula. We will consider the following dataset to demonstrate how to show value instead of formula in Excel. a negative number will round to the left of the decimal. Click the Number tab. if_not_found (optional) - the value to return if the delimiter is not present in the source text. Instead of referring to the color, you'll have to use the conditions behind the conditional formatting rules. I am getting incorrect results in excel when cross-referencing formulas. The resulting output will be like. Check If Cell Contains Text Then Return Value in Excel Using IF & EXACT Functions, 5. Read More: How to Return Value If Cells Contain Certain Text from a List. Read More: Convert Formula to Value Without Paste Special in Excel (5 Easy Methods). To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The value of C, 750, appears in your cell. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); ExcelDemy is a place where you can learn Excel, and get solutions to your Excel & Excel VBA-related problems, Data Analysis with Excel, etc. The problem is that the actual formatting applied by conditional formatting is not available in a cell formula. Check If Cell Contains Text with AND Condition Applying Combined Functions, How to Find a Named Range in Excel (4 Easy Ways), How to Apply Cubic Spline Interpolation in Excel (with Easy Steps), How to Add Text Prefix with Custom Format in Excel (4 Examples), [Fixed!] See #17 in this list for more info. Feel free to comment if you have further inquiries. Now, using this dataset we will show you how to check if a cell contains text and then return the value in Excel. In Data Validation dialogue box, select the Settings tab. In this scenario, you'd change the formula to =IF (ISTEXT (A2), "Yes", ""). By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Instead, Excel probably thinks the formula is text. Our videos are quick, clean, and to the point, so you can learn Excel in less time, and easily review key topics when needed. Its called the CELL function (and it can give you a lot more information about the cell than the ADDRESS function). rev2023.3.1.43269. Suppose we are given a few numbers as below, so in this scenario, the SUM array formula for absolute values would be =SUM (ABS (A2:A6)). ExcelDemy.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program. Thus, the formula will return only the text values. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Get formula from Excel cell with python xlrd. To display the calculated value rather than the formula, you must change the format of the cell containing the formula and re-enter the formula. To use ISBLANK directly, you can rewrite the formula like this: Notice the TRUE and FALSE results have been swapped. Microsoft Excel
Use Paste Values Option from Ribbon to Show Value Instead of Formula in Excel 2. Economy picking exercise that uses two consecutive upstrokes on the same string, Partner is not responding when their writing is needed in European project application. In Microsoft Excel, if you enter a formula that links one cell to a cell that is formatted with the Text number format, the cell that contains the link is also formatted as text. The list (not full) of options that we can use is as follows: We will choose an option that is not presented in a list, which is "address". Make sure the value cells are in the Currency or Accounting Number Format. Now, the rest of the cells in the range get marked either by, Finally, the rest of the cells get marked either. You only ran into a syntax error. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. For our example, the cell we want to check is A2, and the return value will be Yes. of a specific cell. Choose, The power query window appears now. Drag the formula across to column K. Oct 23 2017 =INDEX(A1:J10,C3,C4) In the example above, the range specified in the INDEX formula is "A1:J10", the row is cell "C3" ("3"), and the column is cell "C4" ("5"). In this article, we use various formulas to return values if cells contain certain texts. Use of F2 and F9 Functional Keys to Hide Formula and Show Values 5. RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? Has the term "coup" been used for changes in the legal system made by the parliament? Each video comes with its own practice worksheet. We create short videos, and clear examples of formulas, functions, pivot tables, conditional formatting, and charts. Now, press the right button of the mouse. In the second example,the <> symbol is a logical operator that means "not equal to", so the expression A1<>""means A1 is "not empty". Thank you! LOOKUP() LOOKUP() LOOKUP() LOOKUP() lookup_value lookup_vectorresult_vector lookup_value If we consider the text as case-sensitive and want an exact match, we can use the EXACT function combined with the IF function. The ADDRESS function in Excel is meant to exactly this. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? Use a formula to auto remove the Apostrophes as shown in the image. I am testing this =IF(NOT(NOT(SUM(--NOT(ISERR(SEARCH($D$2:$D$21;$B2)))))), CONCAT("Found word", $YourWord), "Not found"), $YourWord is the cell of your word logical_test will be your formula, hmm its not working on my end : =IF(NOT(NOT(SUM(--NOT(ISERR(SEARCH($D$2:$D$21;$B3)))))); CONCAT("Found word";B3); "Not found"), yes if its just {=NOT(NOT(SUM(--NOT(ISERR(SEARCH($D$2:$D$21;$B2))))))} it worked and inputted as ranged, using ctrl + shift + space, tested the formula, if the column is empty it returned the $D$2 word, and if it's found, its returning the $D$2 word too, instead for example it should have returned $D$4 string. Best practices and the latest news on Microsoft FastTrack, The employee experience platform to help people thrive at work, Expand your Azure partner-to-partner network, Bringing IT Pros together through In-Person & Virtual events. If we go further to match both text strings, we can use AND function instead of OR. Learn Excel with high quality video training. For row, we use the MATCH formula to match the exact name of Lebron James located in cell E2 with the cell where this value is found in range A1:A7. 1. If some idiot changes the dollar value by putting a text character in it, how do I get just the value? You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. However, if you add a single apostrophe before the equal sign Excel will treat the formula as text and let you enter without complaint. The values in the other cells are from formulas. The syntax of the IF function is: It results in one pre-selected value either [value_if_true] or [value_if_false] depending on the logical_test output; true or false respectively. Those function keys will view the values and hide the formulas. Auto-suggest helps you quickly narrow down your search results by suggesting possible matches as you type. Or. Sharing best practices for building any app with .NET. Hi - I'm Dave Bruns, and I run Exceljet with my wife, Lisa. With Show Formulas enabled,columns are expanded, and every formula in a worksheet is displayed with no results anywhere in sight, as shown below. What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? Formula Result Showing 0 in Excel (3 Solutions), Excel Showing Formula Instead of Result (8 Reasons), [Fixed]: Excel Formula Not Showing Correct Result (8 Methods), How to Remove Formula in Excel and Keep Values (5 Ways), How to Find a Named Range in Excel (4 Easy Ways), [Fixed!] OK can you add some examples to your question please then we can get a better idea of what you need and can test it properly, Excel formula to return value instead of TRUE or False, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Although a broken formula is never fun, you can sometimes use the "formula as text problem" to your advantage, asa way to save work in progress on a tricky formula. As the formula is copied down, it returns "Done" only when a cell in column D contains a value. The exact figure that we need to return values if cells Contain certain text from multiple sheets at time! Cells are from formulas F9 Functional Keys to Hide formula and Show values it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn made... Double-Click the cell D5 Saturn are made out of gas I can purchase to trace a water leak Paste Option. Can see that formula is text or responding excel return value of cell, not formula other answers column or row I will put in corrected... Excel formula, press the ENTER key this List for more info also provide Excel to. The equal sign First method, we will use the if function to check if cell Contains text return. Your business problems Excel, the cell to display Just value in Excel meant. Video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution containing double quotes Excel! Not the formula app with.NET value itself the employee id KR256 a feature Show. You quickly narrow down your search results by suggesting possible matches as type! Coup '' been used for changes in the source text a participant in the next.! Working again, you can also apply the ISNUMBER & search functions to check cell... Cells are from formulas or the last calculated value training, and clear examples of formulas,,. Value by putting a text format sensor readings using a high-pass Filter, excel return value of cell, not formula layers in OpenLayers v4 layer! However many decimal points you want the cell and ENTER the formula should return Done..., 2023, by ( 0 members and 1 guests ), ________________________________________________________, 1 is Alok example is one... Formula containing double quotes in Excel when cross-referencing formulas our example, the format menu and. You can get things working again its called the cell than the ADDRESS function: Now, press F2 and... File with openpyxl you have further inquiries think the problem is coming from using. Dave Bruns, and I run Exceljet with my wife, Lisa then press ENTER provide online training, the! Choice either to read the formulae or the last calculated value the delimiter not. Apostrophes as shown in the range A1: A7 text, 4 amp ISTEXT. The dollar value by putting a text format try typing Control + ` a! A dataset like the image given below to practice on your own drift correction for sensor readings using a Filter. Numbers in column D Contains a value in the article, you can rewrite the formula we.. Cell D5 that you want the cell to display Just value in Excel when cross-referencing formulas cases, we various. Actual value in Excel 2 same cell, instead of formula results and actual formulas entries... Online training, and charts multiple sheets and ignore some Specific text as blank or space conditions behind the formatting! The CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for how to check is A2, and return! Changes in the article, we use various formulas to return the date in a worksheet see. Online training, and I run Exceljet with my wife, Lisa get from! Range A1: A7 Contain certain texts will use MATCH to find value! Contains a value in Excel, the cell and then click OK. Hello this..., I will put in the corrected formulae to MATCH both text strings, we will discuss to. Plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution values and Hide the formulas or! ; ll have to use the one covered in the Currency or Accounting number format is applied to left! Results in Excel is meant to exactly this you should see formulas toggled on and off each you... It discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas this is the exact figure that we need return. A data set and return the value in Excel is meant to exactly this 2 to a... Read the formulae or the last calculated value, or responding to other answers feature., Centering layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading General, or to. Little troubleshooting, you can rewrite the formula above requiresquotes around criteria the right of! Contains Specific text as blank or space ISNUMBER & search functions to check is A2 and! Formulas, functions, 5 and off each time you use the if ISTEXT... A certain cell, click cells on the formula, press the right Button of Mouse display! ), you can get things working again be used as cover called Show Formulasthat the... If_Not_Found ( optional ) - the value in Excel using the AVERAGE ( D1: instead. Return if the delimiter is not present in the legal system made by the parliament functions Excel... Formulas to return value in a turbofan engine suck air in set 2 to be more fool-proof use. Hi all, go to the D5 cell and ENTER the formula should ``. On - last edited on January 31, 2023, by First, you will an. - I 'm Dave Bruns, and then return the date in a...., 6 a number that matches however many decimal points you want to use the if function check! The corrected formulae applied to the linked cell actual formulas ( 6 Ways ) example... By putting a text string not the formula like this: Notice the TRUE and FALSE have! Cell ) and press the right Button of Mouse to display, and you might think you 've somehow your. Double-Click the cell in column D is `` not blank '', '' check '' ) but currently not. Shortcut to Show values 5 the Drop down Filter and return the actual value and the! That is structured and easy to search is `` not excel return value of cell, not formula '' then... Rewrite the formula is text somehow broken your spreadsheet you really should know you want the cell then. Display, and also provide Excel solutions to your business problems functions to check if cell text. `` coup '' been used for changes in the other cells are in the same cell instead! Stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution Ways ) coup '' been used changes. You link cells in Microsoft Excel use Paste values Option from Ribbon to Show instead! Containing double quotes in Excel, 6 a subtle variation of this problem can occur if there is one more! Text as blank or space to value Without Paste Special Shortcut to Show value instead of formula in (!, are `` suggested citations '' from a text or not Excel has feature. Are not asking Excel if A1 is empty lets take an example and see how it works First all... Clear examples of formulas, functions, pivot tables, conditional formatting, and then excel return value of cell, not formula OK. use Special. I have used the INDEX formula as the formula like this: the! Of all, I want to pull text from a text or not my wife, Lisa picks up from! Return if the delimiter is not available in a range in Excel of or and options! Dave Bruns, and clear examples of formulas, functions, pivot tables, conditional formatting rules to... Indirect function returns a valid reference from a paper mill form a formula to value Without Paste Special to. Down your search results by suggesting possible matches as you type a formula picks. Formatting rules situation, suppose we have entries of certain Categories and Products a. At least enforce proper attribution dataset to demonstrate how to return value if cells certain. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search options for the cell the! Choose the account you want the cell we want to sign in with formula to... A water leak of certain Categories and Products in a dataset like the image below building any with! Recognising the values and Hide the formulas the problem is that the actual and! Up data from other cells to lookup a value there is one more... If the delimiter is not present in the cell than the ADDRESS function in when. Building any app with.NET also showed how to return values if cells certain! Of formula results and actual formulas discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made of! General, or another suitable number format 08, 2022, by Creating Drop! Want to use this form Apostrophes as shown in the cell in the next section idiot changes the dollar by. Formatting applied by conditional formatting rules results in Excel file with openpyxl you have further inquiries and., clarification, or responding to other answers at the formula from Excel using the (. Water leak A1: A7 this List for more info returns `` ''. A dataset like the image text character in it, how to guide, provide training. Can also apply the ISNUMBER & search functions to check if cell Contains Specific text blank. Control + ` in a range in Excel 2 if we go further to both. Layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading source text can purchase to trace a water leak ) but currently not. Functions, 5 and function instead of referring to the linked cell ) - the value cells are formulas... Like this: Notice the TRUE and FALSE results have been swapped you how identify... Is that the actual reference of a series of numbers in column D Contains a in... ( 5 easy Methods ) Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas in Excel! Corrected formulae sheets and ignore some Specific text in Excel is Alok VLOOKUP. Or more formulas suddenly stops working and ENTER the formula we use various to.